Briefly Compare the Political Regime Type in China and...

POLI3001 Assignment No. 2 Briefly compare the political regime type in China and India. Which of the two would you prefer to do business in and why? India and China are two republics that have experienced very opposing political regimes throughout history. China has been fundamentally stable country with a lack of a distinct authority figure (Desai, 2003). Being a single party state China has been controlled by the Chinese Communist Party since the 5th National Congress held in 1927 (Wang, 2013). Correspondingly India, have always been a federal parliamentary democratic republic where the President of India elected is head of state and the Prime Minister elected is the head of government (U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2013). This†¦show more content†¦India’s domestic business has seen high levels of corruption; more commonly the fraudulent behaviours and bribery of government officials and civil servants. This creates an unlevel playing field between domestic business and foreign business. Evidently this seemingly small issue of corruption could potentially tarnish India’s position as favoured destinati on of foreign investment (Mendiolaza, 2012). However, this lack of governance is not just seen as disadvantage for India. India is amongst the top 40 nations to have been involved in the highest number of business regulation reforms in the last five years (Innovasjonnorge, n.d.). Reform has eased business operations in India as the mainly concern the introduction of new technology. These technological improvements have led India to be highly industrialised, rather than agriculturally based like in the past. For instance, India is now the world’s biggest manufacturer of small cars (Innovasjonnorge, n.d.). India has a highly dynamic and entrepreneurial business environment (Ford, 2011). The freedom of democracy in India supports the country’s private enterprise greatly. India’s characteristics of sovereignty could very well succeed China’s Communist led, authoritarian growth model (Schuman, 2012). High government intervention has also had positive effects on China’s economy. Since the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-08, China has become increasinglyShow MoreRelatedPolitical Regime Essay1873 Words   |  8 PagesEssay Topic: Briefly compare the political regime type in China and India. Which of the two would you prefer to do business in and why? (You may specify the type of business.) The Politic regime of a country is imposed to safeguard the interests of that country. However it can have the effect of limiting a country’s growth and development and can cause complications when attempting to do business within a country. China and India are two fast growing and very large countries with clear distinctionRead MoreTravels of a T-Shirt3930 Words   |  16 PagesTravels of a T-Shirt Prologue 1. 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Importance Of Mathematics And Language Arts - 1297 Words

In the real world, the daily interactions and experiences in which we use language, writing, reading, mathematics, science, and social studies do not occur in isolation. Rather, we draw upon our knowledge and understanding in each area as we explore, investigate, and learn each day: Just as scientists use mathematics and language arts as tools, children should have opportunities to apply and enhance their mathematics, reading, and writing skills while investigating the natural world (Bass, Contant, and Carin, 2009, p.231). In the classroom, the primary focus is the learning of each student. The teacher follows the required benchmarks designated by the school district as they apply directly to their grade level of instruction. To help keep the students and the teacher on the right track and at the right pace, each educator must write lesson plans as a guide toward discovery. This final lecture will take a backward look at the various topics discussed over the past 7 weeks. 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Air pollution in Kawempe Division of Kampala, Uganda Free Essays

string(16) " of Pope et al\." Air pollution in Kawempe Division of Kampala, Uganda Hazard Word picture Introduction The wellness effects of air pollution have been widely documented and assessed largely in North America and Europe, nevertheless air pollution in low- and middle-income states poses a great public wellness load that has non been decently assessed ( 1–6 ) . All right particulate affair comprised of atoms of width 2.5?g or less ( PM2. We will write a custom essay sample on Air pollution in Kawempe Division of Kampala, Uganda or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5) has been associated with mortality due to the development of cardiovascular or respiratory diseases and lung malignant neoplastic disease ( 3 ) . In the Kawempe Division in Kampala ( Uganda ) measurings of PM2.5from December 2013 and January 2014 were found to be above guideline bounds of the World Health Organization ( WHO ) bespeaking the demand for a consistent exposure appraisal of the air pollution and its wellness load in Uganda ( 7,8 ) . Hazard Identification Acute events of smog in the Meuse vale in Belgium and in London in 1933 and 1952, severally were among the first events that indicated the association between air pollution and mortality ( 9,10 ) . More late epidemiologic surveies quantified effects of chronic and ague exposures to poisons such as particulate affair, ozone, or benzine on wellness ( 3,11,12 ) . More specifically PM2.5exposure have been associated with inauspicious wellness results in big epidemiologic surveies in assorted scenes ( 8,13 ) . Chronic effects of exposure to particulate affair have been studied in prospective cohort surveies with big sample sizes and long follow-up periods in assorted locations such as the US, Canada, in Europe and China ( 2,4,5 ) . The first survey that associated cardiorespiratory and lung malignant neoplastic disease mortality with PM2.5was published in 1993 by Dockery et Al ( 3 ) . In this first appraisal informations from six metropoliss with changing degrees of air pollution and mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases, lung malignant neoplastic disease, all causes of mortality and mortality from all other causes except cardiorespiratory diseases or lung malignant neoplastic disease was investigated. Following up to the â€Å"six metropoliss study† Laden et Al. in 2006 reported on the association between cardiovascular diseases ( CVD ) mortality, lung malignant neoplastic disease and respiratory upsets ( 14 ) . Following up the same cohort and reanalyzing the information Lepeu le et Al. in 2012 besides confirmed the association between CVD and lung malignant neoplastic disease mortality with PM2.5exposures ( 15 ) . In 2002, Pope et Al. besides reported the consequences of a larger cohort with PM2.5measurings of 51 metropolitan countries in the US, reasoning besides that there is increased hazard of mortality at 4 % , 6 % and 8 % from all causes, CVD, and lung malignant neoplastic disease, severally with each 10?g/m3addition in PM2.5( 4 ) . Similar consequences were besides reported in the Canadian survey of Crouse et al. , 2012 in a cohort of 2.1 million Canadian grownups ( 16 ) . All these surveies set the scene for comprehensive wellness hazard appraisal of PM2.5. They provided cohesive and timely consequences from dependable beginnings on the fluctuations PM2.5and mortality fulfilling Hill’s standards. Exposure Appraisal Kampala, the capital of Uganda has a population of about 1,500,000, it is the 2neodymiummost thickly settled territory in the state ( 17 ) . The Kawempe division of Kampala is located in the North of the metropolis and has a population of 338,312, with an estimated 84,240 above the age of 30 old ages ( 17 ) . Measurement of ambient PM2.5degrees took topographic point two yearss during winter 2012-2013 in the country of Mperewre of the Kawempe Division and they were reported as portion on a pilot survey published in 2014 ( 7 ) . The mean Autopsy2.5concentration for the topographic point measurings was 104.3?g/m3. It besides exceeds both the one-year and 24-hour WHO guideline values that are set at 10?g/m3and 25?g/m3, severally, and antecedently reported measurings in developed states ( 8 ) . The mensural PM2.5degrees are nevertheless consistent with measurings in other developing states. Datas from Asiatic metropoliss suggest that the high Autopsy2.5concentrations are non rare in developing scenes where monitoring is non routinely conducted. Harmonizing to the 2010 study of the Health Effects Institute on outdoor air pollution in the underdeveloped states of Asia the degrees of PM2.5can be every bit high as 150?g/m3( 6 ) . In the same study, for illustration, in Shenzhen and Guengzhou, in China, 24-hour mean summer concentrations of PM2.5were 35?g/m3Autopsy2.5was every bit high as 97.5?g/m3. Exposure appraisal of PM2.5effects on mortality in the Kawempe Division are hindered by the deficiency of one-year norm values that would reflect fluctuations in air pollution. However given the features of the country, where a landfill is located and the tendency for increased urbanisation in Uganda and its deductions ( i.e. increased traffic etc ) the high Autopsy2.5degrees in Mperewre may reflect the norm of PM2.5degrees in the location ( 18,19 ) . Within the range of the present exposure appraisal we are based on the premise that the mean of the available topographic point measurings reflects the average PM2.5degrees in the Kawempe division of Kampala. Based on the handiness of information we can non be certain about the PM2.5concentrations fluctuate in the country over clip and the derived decision might be over- or undervaluing the existent wellness effects of PM2.5wellness effects. Table 1 Autopsy2.5concentrations and meteoric parametric quantities on the yearss that measurement took topographic point harmonizing to Schwander et al. , 2014. December 31, 2012 January 2, 2013 Autopsy2.5 ­concentrations (?g/m ­3 ­) 104.9 103.7 Average concentration (?g/m ­3 ­) 104.3 Meteorologic parametric quantities Average temperature (0C ) [ min, soap ] 22.2 [ 18.9, 25.0 ] 24.4 [ 20.6, 27.8 ] Dew point temperature (0C ) 18.9 20.0 Mean wind velocity ( kilometers per hour ) [ max ] 8.1 [ 16.1 ] 8.1 [ 19.3 ] Exposure-Response Analysis The exposure-response relationships between PM2.5and mortality from CVD and lung malignant neoplastic disease have been antecedently studied in US populations by Laden et Al. ( six metropoliss study, follow-up ) and by Pope et Al. ( 4,14,22 ) . In the survey of Laden CVD and lung malignant neoplastic disease deceases were associated with exposure to PM2.5( 14 ) . Specifically a 10?g/m3addition in the mean Autopsy2.5was associated with comparative hazard ( RR ) of 1.28 ( 1.13-1.44, 95 % CI ) for CDV mortality and a RR of 1.27 ( 0.96-1.69, 95 % CI ) for lung malignant neoplastic disease mortality. In the survey of Pope et al. You read "Air pollution in Kawempe Division of Kampala, Uganda" in category "Essay examples" , 2002 for the same PM2.5incremental alteration addition in lung malignant neoplastic disease mortality was estimated at 8 % ( 4 ) . Both surveies, the 1993 survey of the six metropoliss and the Lepeule’s follow up have established the association between increased exposure to PM2.5and increased hazard for CVD and lung malignant neoplastic disease mortality. The form of the exposure-response map nevertheless is non additive in all doses nor does it hold the same form for both results. The exposure-response map of mortality from CVD starts steep in low exposures and going flatter with increasing concentrations ( 22 ) . In the instance of lung malignant neoplastic disease mortality the exposure-response map is more additive and it is, as expected, more influenced by confounders ( i.e. smoke ) ( 22 ) . Additionally in all the aforesaid surveies the exposure-response maps have been established based on the effects of low exposures, normally below 50?g/m3. In Uganda, the age-adjusted mortality rate from lung malignant neoplastic disease is 2.7 among males and 2.4 among females ( per 100,000 ) while the same index for CVD is 276.7 and 250.7 per 100,000 population ( males and females, severally ) ( 20,21 ) . In order to gauge the figure of CVD and lung malignant neoplastic disease deceases attributed to 104?g/m3of ( assumed ) one-year exposure we will be based on the exposure-response maps for CVD and lung malignant neoplastic disease mortality developed by Pope et Al, 2011 that were derived from a prospective cohort of 1.2 million grownups ( gt ; 30 old ages old ) and old surveies in the US which accounted for assorted confounders of exposure. They estimated the RR associated with different degrees of PM2.5exposure accounting for ambient air pollution, active coffin nail smoke and secondhand smoke to gauge the day-to-day norm inhaled dosage of PM2.5. The RR for each of the two results ( CVD and lung malignant neoplastic disease mortality ) was so calculated with the power map: RR=1+? ( dosage )?which corresponds to a nonlinear monotone map for which at zero dose the RR is equal to 1. Table 2 Exposure appraisal information Population features( 17 ) Males Females Entire Kawempe Division 159,800 178,512 338,312 Population above 30 old ages old ( 24.9 % * ) 39,790 44,449 84,240 Kampala 722,638 793,572 1,516,210 Entire population 16,935,456 17,921,357 34,856,813 Age standardized decease rates per 100000( 20,21 ) Cardiovascular diseases 276.7 250.7 Lung malignant neoplastic disease 2.7 2.4 Entire figure of deceases in Kawempe territory for the those gt ; 30 old ages old Cardiovascular diseases 110 111 222 Lung malignant neoplastic disease 1 1 2 RR estimations for both genders ( for dosage of PM2.5104?g/m3) Attributable hazard fraction Number of instances attributed to PM2.5 Cardiovascular diseases RR=1+0.2685 ( dosage )0.2730 1.95 0.49 108 Lung malignant neoplastic disease RR=1+0.3195 ( dosage )0.7433 11.09 0.91 2 Hazard Word picture With an estimated RR of 1.95 for CVD mortality due to PM2.5degrees of 104?g/m3the PM2.5-associated mortality instances in the entire population above 30 old ages old of Kawempe Division is about 108 ( Table 2 ) . The age standardized mortality rate for CVD – the primary wellness result that has been associated with increased air pollution – in Uganda is comparatively high contrary and future research is needed to decently gauge the fraction of instances attributed to air pollution which was comparatively high in this study ( 0.49, ( Table 2 ) . As expected given the to the low mortality rate of lung malignant neoplastic disease in the country and the fact it is confounded by other factors that could non be assessed in ( i.e. smoking ) we can non properly measure the impact of PM2.5on the figure of lung malignant neoplastic disease deceases in Kawempe Division. For the present analysis the informations used were compiled from assorted beginnings. Population estimations were taken from the probationary study on the 2014 nose count. Lung malignant neoplastic disease and CVD age standardized mortality rates were taken from GLOBOCAN and the WHO, severally. Therefore all computations are based on the premise that for the 2014 of Kawempe Division the mortality rates are the same as the last reported in the aforesaid beginnings. The fact that there is the information might non reflect the decently the features of the population is an of import restriction of this appraisal. Along with the fact that hazard estimations were based on surveies of lower Autopsy2.5degrees. Future research needs to be based on seasonably collected information and hazard theoretical accounts that account for the high exposures. Mentions 1. Katsouyanni K, Rimm EB, Gnardellis C, Trichopoulos D, Polychronopoulos E, Trichopoulou A. Reproducibility and comparative cogency of an extended semi-quantitative nutrient frequence questionnaire utilizing dietetic records and biochemical markers among Grecian school teachers. Int J Epidemiol. 1997 Jan 1 ; 26 ( suppl 1 ) : S118. 2. Raaschou-Nielsen O, Andersen ZJ, Beelen R, Samoli E, Stafoggia M, Weinmayr G, et Al. Air pollution and lung malignant neoplastic disease incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects ( ESCAPE ) . The Lancet Oncology. 2013 Aug ; 14 ( 9 ) :813–22. 3. Dockery DW, Pope CA, Xu X, Spengler JD, Ware JH, Fay ME, et Al. An Association between Air Pollution and Mortality in Six U.S. Cities. New England Journal of Medicine. 1993 Dec 9 ; 329 ( 24 ) :1753–9. 4. Pope III CA. Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmonary Mortality, and Long-run Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution. JAMA. 2002 Mar 6 ; 287 ( 9 ) :1132. 5. Cao J, Yang C, Li J, Chen R, Chen B, Gu D, et Al. Association between long-run exposure to outdoor air pollution and mortality in China: A cohort survey. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2011 Feb 28 ; 186 ( 2–3 ) :1594–600. 6. HEI International Scientific Oversight Committee. Outdoor Air Pollution and Health in the Developing Countries of Asia: A Comprehensive Review. Boston, MA: Health Effects Institute ; 2010. 7. Schwander S, Okello CD, Freers J, Chow JC, Watson JG, Corry M, et Al. Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution in Mpererwe District, Kampala, Uganda: A Pilot Study. J Environ Public Health [ Internet ] . 2014 [ cited 2015 Feb 26 ] ; 2014. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3945229/ 8. WHO | Air quality guidelines – planetary update 2005 [ Internet ] . WHO. 2015 [ cited 2015 Mar 5 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/outdoorair_aqg/en/ 9. Bell ML, Davis DL. Reappraisal of the deadly London fog of 1952: fresh indexs of ague and chronic effects of acute exposure to air pollution. Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Jun ; 109 ( Suppl 3 ) :389–94. 10. Nemery B, Hoet PH, Nemmar A. The Meuse Valley fog of 1930: an air pollution catastrophe. The Lancet. 2001 Mar ; 357 ( 9257 ) :704–8. 11. Kheirbek I, Wheeler K, Walters S, Kass D, Matte T. PM2.5 and ozone wellness impacts and disparities in New York City: sensitiveness to spacial and temporal declaration. Air Qual Atmos Health. 2012 Oct 12 ; 6 ( 2 ) :473–86. 12. Savitz DA, Andrews KW. Review of epidemiologic grounds on benzine and lymphatic and haematopoietic malignant neoplastic diseases. Am J Ind Med. 1997 Mar 1 ; 31 ( 3 ) :287–95. 13. US EPA O. Particulate Matter | Air A ; Radiation | US EPA [ Internet ] . 2013 [ cited 2015 Mar 9 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.epa.gov/pm/ 14. Laden F, Schwartz J, Speizer FE, Dockery DW. Decrease in Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Mar 15 ; 173 ( 6 ) :667–72. 15. Lepeule J, Laden F, Dockery D, Schwartz J. Chronic Exposure to Fine Particles and Mortality: An Drawn-out Follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities Study from 1974 to 2009. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2012 Mar 28 ; 120 ( 7 ) :965–70. 16. Crouse DL, Peters PA, new wave Donkelaar A, Goldberg MS, Villeneuve PJ, Brion O, et Al. Hazard of Nonaccidental and Cardiovascular Mortality in Relation to Long-term Exposure to Low Concentrations of Fine Particulate Matter: A Canadian National-Level Cohort Study. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2012 Feb 7 ; 120 ( 5 ) :708–14. 17. UBOS. National Population and Housing Census 2014 – Probationary consequences [ Internet ] . Uganda Bureau of Statistics ; 2014 Nov. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/NPHC/NPHC 2014 PROVISIONAL RESULTS REPORT.pdf 18. Mwiganga M, Kansiime F. The impact of Mpererwe landfill in Kampala – Uganda, on the environing environment. [ Internet ] . Makerere University – College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. 2012 [ cited 2015 Mar 9 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //caes.mak.ac.ug/research/research-publications/141-publications-for-2005/820-the-impact-of-mpererwe-landfill-in-kampala-uganda-on-the-surrounding-environment.html 19. Mwiganga M, Kansiime F. The impact of Mpererwe landfill in Kampala–Uganda, on the environing environment. Physicss and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C. 2005 ; 30 ( 11–16 ) :744–50. 20. WHO. Noncommunicable Diseases ( NCD ) Country Profiles – Uganda [ Internet ] . 2014 [ cited 2015 Mar 9 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/nmh/countries/uga_en.pdf? ua=1 21. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, et Al. Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11 [ Internet ] . GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0. 2013 [ cited 2015 Mar 5 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/outdoorair_aqg/en/ 22. Pope CA, Burnett RT, Turner MC, Cohen A, Krewski D, Jerrett M, et Al. Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Associated with Ambient Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoke: Shape of the Exposure–Response Relationships. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2011 Jul 19 ; 119 ( 11 ) :1616–21. Appendix – Analytica theoretical account img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1685058.001.png"/ File: Xanthi_Andrianou_RA_W4_Risk_characterization How to cite Air pollution in Kawempe Division of Kampala, Uganda, Essay examples

Culinary Practices and Ethnic Identity free essay sample

Culinary Practices and Ethnic Identity: A Study of  The Namesake  by Jhumpa Lahiri In the present era of globalization and immigration, the issues of ethnic language, ethnic cultural activities, ethnic costumes and ethnic cuisine have contributed in the formation of the diasporic identities in the foreign countries. In the mainstream culture, the immigrants or the diasporic communities generally endeavor to cling to the native land through forging the ethnic culinary practices to a great extent. The gastronomical factors exert an impact in the construction of the national identity and ethnic identity apart from the diasporic identities of the diasporic groups or the immigrants. Moreover, rather than the national cuisines, regional cuisines have enriched the kitchen of the diasporic communities in the alien atmosphere. The culinary items serve the purpose of prompting the distinction between the different ethnic identities in the foreign countries. From the socio-cultural perspective, gastronomical practice carries the significance. In addition to this, for the diasporic communities or the immigrants, culinary items generally provide a rich arena to excavate the complexities of the incidents and events involved with memory and nostalgia. In this article, my central concern will be to unearth the interconnection between the nostalgia and the ethnic cuisine in the foreign country. Nevertheless, I will focus how the cuisines are treated differently by the first and the second generation immigrants in the foreign culture. In my discussion, I would like to project the manipulation of the interplay between the local and the global concerning the culinary practices, in the formation of nationhood within the diasporic groups in the foreign countries. Through the lens of ‘global-local’ phenomenon, cuisine as an effective element bridges the gap between the different countries. More clearly, it can be construed that the diasporic identities are formed in the clashes of the native and foreign culinary dishes. Scholars like Wilk have viewed the formation of Belzian cuisine, the new generated form of cultural production is the consequence of the global-local turmoil (1999, 2002). Hence, in the foreign domain, when on one hand, gastronomical factor carries the national identity, on the other, the intertwinement between the global and local builds up the diasporic identities apart from their national identities. Nonetheless, the sustenance of national cuisine can be illustrated as the method for resistance of the mainstream foreign culture to ethnic minority culture. The discourses of immigration of diaspora have focused on the interconnection between the identity construction of the communities and the food consumption. Highlighting this issue, I shall demonstrate how food recipes of a homeland impel the exiles or the diasporic groups to reminisce the historical moments. Again, the examination over the national belonging and national purity which is embedded in gastrophilic histories is relevant here in this respect. The relationship of the food consumption with the diasporic identity can be explicated as ‘an expression of identity’ or ‘flags of identity’ as viewed by the critics like Murcott (1996) or Palmer (1998). Scholar like Mintz (2003) argues over the national cuisine and identity by articulating the national cuisine as an amalgamation of political and touristic artifact: †¦ a national cuisine primarily possesses a textual identity; produced textually, it can help to achieve a desired touristic and political effect. But there is no doubt not only that the particular foods or food habits may be chosen either for national self-definition or to stereotype others, but that they may emerge as strikingly convenient condensed symbols of identity conflict or division. (p. 32). As national cuisine basically has been endowed with national belongingness, some specific culinary practices function as a contour line to differentiate the culinary practices of other nations. In the present era of globalization, the proliferation of the food items of a particular country is no more restricted for this country, but infiltrates the other countries across the borders. Hence, different kinds of culinary practices usually pervades all over the countries. Similarly, the rapid increasing of the restaurants across the national borders with the availability of the different ethnic food embodies not only the identity of a single monolithic ethnic food habit; rather it indicates the diversion of food practices of different nations and regions. Regarding this perspective, I can mention here that the chicken tikka masala, a sumptuous dish around the globe locates the commingling of Indian cooking styles with those from central Asia. Indian cuisine is accepted worldly popular. Even, this kind of cuisine is relished among the Indian diaspora in North America, Europe, Australia and parts of Africa. The survey of 2003 has projected the calculation of expansion of 10,000 restaurants for catering Indian cuisine in the US. The statistics of 2007 has reported that since 2000, more than 1200 Indian food products have been commenced in the U. S. in 2007. Moreover, Britain’s presumed national dish, chicken tikka masala has replaced the dishes of fish and chip which are previously accounted as popular in Britain. According to the survey, it seems that there are 8000 Indian restaurants in Britain, 70,000 workers. hence , the rapid acceleration of the Indian culinary practices a and restaurants across the globe results in the popularity of the Indian cuisine This discussion of food consumption in the construction of the identities is articulated in the structure of hyphenated position. The proliferation of the Indian immigrants in the First world countries and expansion of the restaurants with serving the Indian foods has constructed a bridge between the native and the foreign cultures. Centred on the issue of the food consumption, the present paper will explore how among the diasporic community, Indian immigrant women usually sustains the ethic cuisine, religion and cultural festival to invoke the sense of the nostalgia to produce the past in this unknown atmosphere. In the study of the diaspora, the elements of nostalgia and memory across time and space have propelled the immigrants to invent the image of the homeland which is fragmentary, fissured and â€Å"irretrievably lost†. The diaspora women who thought culture eant being able to create a perfect mango chutney in New Jersey were scorned by the visiting scholar from Bombay— who was also a woman but unmarried and so different. Sujata Bhatt, ‘Chutney’ (29) In the diasporic voyage of the Indian immigrant women abroad, ethnic food symbolizes the retuning of the past in the lives of the immigrant women. The Indian immigrant women as a part and parcel of the domestic sphere provide the e thnic culinary for the older and younger generations of the family. Ethnic food arouses the longing for the nostalgia and simultaneously evokes the national identity. Hence immigrant women through cultivating the ethnic food in the alien atmosphere have constructed and produced the amalgamation of the past and the present. Many scholars like Jameson (1989) have not encapsulated the nostalgic element within the tapestry of the past, but also the present. Therefore, ethnic cuisine is leveled as â€Å"intellectual† and â€Å"emotional anchor† as focused by an Indian American cultural critic Ketu Katrak. Regarding ethic food Indo-Trinidadian Canadian author Shani Mootoo in the culinary related text  Out On Main Street(1993) and Sara Suleri’s memoirMeatless Days(1989) critique nostalgic longings for the native land and emphasize the pangs of the migratory dislocation. Usually, each individual ethnic group like the Indian retain the ancestral tradition of ethnic culinary, ethnic cultural activity, ethnic religiosity, ethnic language and certainly the ethnic robes in the dominant culture. So, ethnic tradition seldom seems to be shunned by the first generation immigrants. Critics like Sandhya Shukla have focused in the ‘homeland traditions’. In the opinion of Rayaprol, food indicates shared roots of the immigrants. Therefore, food is deemed as one of the preliminary symbols to carry and signify the adherence of the Indian and other South Asian communities to the natal land. As an individual ethnic group Bengali Indians and South Indians generally prefer the cuisines like rice, dal, and fish and dosa, idli and sambar respectively. In this article, I shall concentrate on how the gastronomical factor plays an instrumental role in the diaspoic or immigration studies. In the enriched works of the Indo-American diasporic authors like Jhumpa Lahir, Bharati Mukherjee and Kiran Desai, cuisine emerges as the leitmotif not only to construct the ethnic identities, but highlights the displacement or dispossession from the root. In the present article, my endeavour will be to explore the relationship between the food and the issue of nostalgia, memory, ethnic identity and national identity in Lahiri’s  The Namesake  (2003). In  The Namesake  the gastronomical issue is presented as a pervasive symbol and metaphor to be interwoven with the theme of the alienation, belongingness, hyphenated position and nostalgia as studied by Lahiri. Like the linguistic borrowings, the culinary borrowings frame the basis of the food cultures overseas countries as â€Å"assimilated foods become naturalized and normalized in the course of time† as examined by scholar like Njeri Githire. Nevertheless, Githire has concentrated on the interconnection between the food, diasporic consciousness, identity and belonging (2010; 858). Food as metaphor employed by the Indian writers usually is posited as a counter-culture within the framework of identity. Food is accepted as matter of taste which Pierre Bourdieu identifies as ‘the basis of all that one has – people and things – and of that entire one is for others’ (1984; 56). In the opening section of the novel, the Bengali immigrant Ashima Ganguli, the female protagonist in Massachusetts, craves for the rice krispies with other ingredients like salt, lemon juice, red onion, mustard oil, planters peanuts, salt and thin slices of green chili pepper during pregnancy. This gustative concoction not only appeases Ashima’s craving, but moves Ashima back to Calcutta where the sight of selling this kind of mixture is very frequented on the railway platforms. Hence, the taste is associated with the mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion, of belonging and not belonging. Through the lens of the reminiscence, Ashima visualizes the real or the imagined past in this faraway country. What can be demonstrated here is the recreation of the homeland by revisiting to the ‘imaginary homeland’.